Study on the factors affecting coagulation and flocculation. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Advanced treatment of laundry wastewater with coagulation and. Aluminium salts are the most widely used coagulant in water and wastewater treatment because of their proven performance and cost.
Jan 10, 2017 many water treatment plants use a combination of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection to provide clean, safe drinking water to the public. Correct application of coagulation and flocculation depends. Their objective is to enhance the separation of particulate species in downstream processes such as sedimentation and filtration. Ebook coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment bratby, john on. All waters, especially surface waters, contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Mathematics manual for water and wastewater treatment plant. I am looking for a good book, reasonably priced on coagulation and flocculation. The book addresses water treatment in detail, following the flow of water through the unit processes and coagulation, flocculation, softening, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and residuals management.
The coagulation flocculation process itself removes only about 60%70% of natural organic matter nom and thus, other processes like oxidation, filtration and sedimentation are necessary for complete raw water or wastewater treatment. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Coagulationflocculation process is regarded as one of the most important and widely used treatment processes of industrial wastewaters due to its simplicity and effectiveness. Coagulants are the chemicals that are used to removes tiny particles in water. Generally, we can categories the common type of coagulant into two groups, aluminium base and iron base. For example, in water treatment practice the required coagulant dose generally falls within the range 28 mgl1 as metal ion.
Its used in the first stage of solidsliquids separation. Coagulation is an intermediary step, but it is essential to the physicochemical treatment process of water and wastewater. Coagulationflocculation is a chemical water treatment technique typically applied prior to sedimentation and filtration e. In water treatment, coagulation is the result of the addition of chemical reagents to water suspensions where the dispersed colloidal particles are assembled in larger aggregates called flocs or microflocs. Dissolved air flotation optimization for treatment of. Abstract question 1 the aim of this course work question1 is to understand the type ii settlement column test and analyze it. Flocculation or floculation is a significant process widely utilized in water treatment operations, including purification of drinking water, sewage water treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of various other industrial wastewater streams. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. So treatment involving coagulation and flocculation is typical of surface water. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. Water and wastewater treatment free engineering essay. Flocculation water treatment plants,wastewater treatment.
Processes involved in wastewater treatment include coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation and flocculation constitute the backbone processes in most water and advanced wastewater treatment plants. As a result, they stay dispersed and dissolved or coagulation process colloidal in the water. The objective of this work was to optimize the conditions of dairy effluent treatment by dissolved air flotation daf at the chemically assisted prim. Advanced treatment of laundry wastewater with coagulation and flocculation matthaios p. Comparison of ozonation and coagulation decolorization. Since each water from different source will have its own material content, people always try to find the optimal dosage of coagulant according to both economic and efficient aspects. Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a readable and useful resource for the water scientist and engineer. Mathematics manual for water and wastewater treatment plant operators. Because of this, the sedimentation step is usually preceded by a chemical process known as coagulation. Mar 04, 2017 it is a vital part for drinking water and wastewater treatment. With coagulation, destabilized particles begin to collide and create small masses, often called pin flocs or micro flocs, since they are barely visible to the naked eye at around 50. Though often used interchangeably with coagulation, it is in fact a distinct process that.
Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an appendix devoted to this subject. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment waste water. The coagulationflocculation processes facilitate the removal of ss and colloidal particles. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. Coagulationflocculation treatment of municipal wastewater.
Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. Its a preference in the primary purification its a preference in the primary purification processes due to its simplicity operation, efficient and cheap. Suspended particles cannot be removed completely by plain settling. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation.
A very important step in water and in wastewater treatment is the coagulation flocculation process, which is widely used, due to its simplicity and costeffectiveness. It is not typical to use cl3 coagulants in water treatment chloride products are used in wastewater applications. We used different types of coagulants in coagulation water treatment process. Study on the factors affecting coagulation and flocculation in treatment of industrial effluents i. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. I am treating ground water and doing coagflocsedimentation all in the same ba coagulation and flocculation books. Written by aos treatment solutions on april 3, 2018. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Gorczyca, effects of ozone as a standalone and coagulation aid treatment on the reduction of trihalomethanes precursors from high doc and hardness water, water. One of the challenges for any water or municipal wastewater treatment plant is being able to remove the vast majority of waste particles from the water, quickly and efficiently. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Principlea and design, mwh2005, isbn 04710110183 5.
Dec 10, 2017 key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment third edition start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Large, heavy particles settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. Water supply system water supply system coagulation and flocculation. Water and wastewater engineering by davis, mackenzie l. Thoroughly revised and updated this new edition has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for the requirements of practitioners involved with.
Coagulation and flocculation for wastewater treatment represent tested ways to improve efficiency and remove a high volume of particles. Mar 31, 2016 weikipedia on coagulation and flocculation 4. Coagulationflocculation treatment is commonly used to reduce the turbidity of municipal and industrial waste water, the coagulants in question typically being divalent or trivalent metallic salts or polymers that have low solubility in the ph range used. It is a convenient reference handbook providing numerous examples and appended information and it is a vital text for course material for undergraduate and postgraduate students. John bratby coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical. Water treatment coagulation flocculation basics youtube. Bantcheva department of chemical engineering, university of durban westville, south africa abstract the introduction of wastewater treatments increases the plant cost. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information. Worldwide, a combination of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration is the most widely applied water treatment technology, and has been used since the early 20th century. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes.
Addition of positively charged particles in the coagulation process is aimed to destabilizing the colloids. What is coagulation and flocculation in wastewater treatment. In the context of most chemical water treatment processes, coagulation should occur upstream of flocculation. Apr 27, 2016 coagulation and flocculation in water treatment prepared by.
Coagulation water treatment process hard and soft water. Coagulation is the destabilization of colloidal particles brought about by the addition of a chemical reagent called as coagulant. Cf, a unit process in water and wastewater treatment, and to obviate the other. Apr 03, 2018 what is coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water.
The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size, shape, and density. Introduction the need to clarify water aesthetics and health colloids impart color and turbidity to water aesthetical acceptability microbes are colloids too 042716 water treatment 2. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. To properly operate a waterworks or wastewater treatment plant and to pass the examination for a waterworkswastewater operators license, it is necessary to know how to perform. Each stage of wastewater treatment preliminary, secondary, and tertiaryis examined along with residuals management.
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